Eli Lilly and Company: Innovation in Diabetes Care Essay

Eli Lilly and Company has achievement in produce and sells insulin in the United States in 1923 and in 1995 Eli Lilly has commanded the world insulin showcase with another organization. Be that as it may, Eli Lilly has pass up on some of its’ opportunity in diabetes care when it attempting to sell its’ item to the world. What turned out badly with Eli Lilly during that time? Here are not many focuses. Most importantly, Lilly has making a decent attempt to improve their item. Be that as it may, as the case makes reference to when Lilly’s â€Å"Match† item come out, it become an opponent wares to Lilly’s own old item. With regards to item life cycle, it genuine that organization needs to put out new item before the old item become less income yet in this circumstance for Eli Lilly is unique. In view of the market rate it hold in US diabetes care showcase is around 80% and the new item will hurt the income the old item produce. So Eli Lilly really chose not to put it on to the market. It was anything but a sharp thought of deciding to considering its’ income rather than client need. Also, with regards to asking the client what they need. Eli Lilly asked an inappropriate client. Rather than asking the individuals who are really utilizing diabetes care item, Eli Lilly went into specialist. What the specialist needs is absolutely inverse from what the patient need, the specialist need the client come to them consistently in light of the fact that that’s the way that specialist acquire cash from. Be that as it may, patient or clients need to have the option to control it without anyone else. When Eli Lilly focused on wrong client it in the end hurt its’ income. Nova is thinking about the fundamental contender for Eli Lilly. In any case, both two organizations set up comparative item into showcase. They attempt to put out the freshest item so as to pull in more clients and addition more benefit from it. Be that as it may, does the client truly need those most up to date items. It turns into the inquiry between should the item be customers request direction or innovation execution direction. For this situation, the appropriate response would presumably purchasers request direction. Despite the fact that two organizations put out great item however the client used to the item they as of now have. What's more, the client are delicate to the cost since those items are utilizing just scarcely any occasions and should be change constantly. Despite the fact that there are a few sections that Eli Lilly flop on it yet it make a decent attempt to comprehend what their client truly need. Eli Lilly discovered that client would ready to utilize their new item in the event that they did some change to it, for example, increasingly simple for clients to utilizing new item or utilizing other innovation rather than need to infuse. Furthermore, increasingly significant is that Eli Lilly discovered that the vast majority of their clients don’t have enough of data about diabetes care. So Eli Lilly set up a Controlled Diabetes Services program (CDS) which instructing individuals and building a network of patients the estimation of their insulin treatment. I think Eli Lilly settled on a decent choice about setting up CDS which can by implication comprehend what their clients require and permit more individuals have greater chance to become more acquainted with their item and utilize their item. Concentrating on know their client and teaching their client will tell an ever increasing number of individuals their new item and structure a propensity for utilizing their new item. On the off chance that CDS effectively, at that point Eli Lilly new item, for example, Match and Insulin pens will have less issue when it deals available. Rather than keep on contend with comparable item available, Eli Lilly should search for new chances. Eli Lilly ought to approach their clients what their incentive for the item, how they use it to discover the requirement for client. Likewise Eli Lilly need to secure their present market. In pharmaceutical industry, when you lost a client, it will be more enthusiastically to understand that client back. At the point when clients change to other medication, it will take client effort to become acclimated to the new medication and once client used to the new medication. They will increase illustrious to it in light of changing expense and inconveniences it may happen. Indeed, even Eli Lilly have pass up on certain chances in diabetes care advertise however its’ attempting to utilizing the assets and new item to recapture their preferred position to the diabetes care showcase for instance the CDS program will pick up income, new client and open new market for it. Yet, alongside CDS program, it would need to set up more items. Also, I do feel that contrast with innovation execution direction, Eli Lilly ought to go with shoppers request direction. Since of the innovation execution direction serious is solid and it couldn't gain more benefit from it. By changing to shoppers request direction will give it more pick and openings.

Along lines of Process and emotional struggle with ADHD in the Family Research Paper

Along lines of Process and passionate battle with ADHD in the Family - Research Paper Example It is a result of the anomalous capacity of the mind that specific issue are found in the human beings.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a case of such a turmoil which lessens the ordinary elements of the cerebrum. At first it was felt that ADHD just happened in grown-ups however it has been discovered that this condition likewise influences grown-ups. This exposition would rotate around the points of view of ADHD and with regards to how it influences the youngsters. ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition which is described by absence of consideration or focus for an extensive stretch of time. It is a result of this trademark the people experiencing ADHD experience issues in doing their every day life activities.This article would rotate around the finding of ADHD alongside the treatment and other related issues of ADHD (Grosenbach 2000 and Whiteman et al 1995).Historical Context In request to comprehend the rudiments of ADHD it is important that it is concentrated in its aut hentic setting. ADHD was first found in the mid eighteenth century by George Still. The name given to the confusion has changed since the time its discovery.George Still directed an exploration to discover that 20 youngsters were experiencing the issue of consideration insufficiency. It was here that he set forward a hypothesis with respect to these youngsters that they might be experiencing a hereditary problem.George Still named the confusion as the Defect of Moral Thought.... In 1970s more side effects were related with the turmoil and this shaped a total range for the confusion. It was in 1980s that the name Adult Deficiency Disorder appeared and was remembered for the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual III of American Psychiatric Association. In 1987 the name was changed to Adult Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder and the non energizer medications to treat this issue were presented in 2003 (Fitzgerald et al 2007; Londrie 2006). Conclusion The determination of ADHD depends on mental evaluation alongside a conversation with the friends near the kid. Surveys are likewise used to evaluate the abilities of the youngster based on which he is analyzed. It is through these techniques that the information is gathered and afterward contrasted with the gauges of Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM IV) for North America and with International Statistical Classification of infections and related medical issues (ICD 10) for European nations. The sig ns and side effects set somewhere near ICD and DSM IV are then contrasted with check whether the youngster is experiencing the issues set down in it or not (Berger 2008). The sign and side effects of ADHD are tension, fractiousness, absence of focus and trouble in finishing sorted out undertakings. The kid experiencing ADHD experiences issues in taking his own choice and looks for the assistance of others in finishing the undertakings throughout his life (Whiteman et al 1995; Grosenbach 2000). Bipolar Disorder ought to be analyzed appropriately as now and again it gets hard to separate between specific issue and bipolar issue. Consideration Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the clutters which have comparative manifestations as Bipolar Disorder. It is essential for a wellbeing

Ill bet you got waylaid!

I’ll bet you got waylaid! DID YOU KNOW? The airport in Portland, Oregon has free wireless. I have discovered this on my way back from a West Coast chemical engineering graduate school of some repute. My return flight through Chicago was cancelled due to Chicago being buried under 20 stories of golfball-sized hail with frogs inside. Or at least thats what I have chosen to believe. So Im flying back to Boston by way of Portland, Oregon and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. No, I dont know why. Perhaps The Madman Who Makes People Fly had something to do with my flight scheduling. Anyway, as I see it, Ive got three things to celebrate: 1. Free wireless 2. Jennifer Hudson just won an Academy Award 3. I am eating french fries dipped into Frosty right now and they are delicious So, to celebrate, tomorrow Im going to update this entry to blog about my CLASS SCHEDULE for this term! In the meantime, Ill be reading Schachnovelle by Stefan Zweig on my overnight redeye (or are those two things mutually exclusive?). Catch you on the East Coast! Word. So, my visit went pretty wellalthough I was a little surprised by how different the schools research philosophy was from that of MIT, I guess after four years it might be nice to get a different perspective on my major. Plus, you cant really beat the weatherI ran up what must have been 2,000 miles of hills with MIT alum Priya 05 on Saturday wearing only shorts and a t-shirt. In February! Anyway, the worst part of the whole ordeal was the 25 hour odyssey it took to get from my hotel room to my bed in Burton-Conner. It took me over 5 minutes to spell the word odyssey correctly. Anyway, as promised, here are my thoughts on my (three) classes this term. Hey, I must be 66% as awesome as Bryan! 10.392J: Fundamentals of Advanced Energy Conversion What a cool name for a class. I feel so smart just being in a class with that name, to be honest. Anyway, so far its just been a review of all the energy and thermodynamics classes that Ive already taken, except kind of stuck together, like maybe spot-welded together. But in the end Joe 08 and I get to write an AWESOME 20-page report together, which should be really fun because hes a junior and still cares about grades! This is also the first grad class that Im taking on purpose at MIT. 10.491 Integrated Chemical Engineering II I found out this weekend that every other school in the country just calls this design or process operations, but at MIT, where all but the hardest classes are designated with numbers, it just sounds so much more fearsome to call it ICE. Anyway, ICE isnt actually as hard as its made out to be. In fact, I wish I could take it for the next 8 semesters; that way I would eventually be in ICE-nine. Oh man, Im clever. But seriously, folks, this class rocks this term. Instead of using some made-up data for our project, were modeling actual coal plants using Aspen and contributing to an MIT Coal Study that will actually be presented to the US Department of Energy by our professor. How bad can that be? 21F.404: German IV OH MAN THIS CLASS IS SO HARD. Seriously, its stomping a mudhole in me. I think the problem is that German I, II, and III were mostly filled with Americans who were learning broken German, and then they all decided to stop taking German, leaving Ling and I stuck with a bunch of native speakers who use the phrase überhaupt nicht like its going out of style. Luckily, I have one more Junior-Senior P/D/F option left. Also, as a point of interest, the Chinese department introduced the streamlined option to prevent native speakers from making everybody feel as depressed as I do, every single day in German IV. See any other interesting classes in the course catalog that you could recommend to me? Guess what? Im not going to take them! Whoooo! Seniors! But do like Marilee Jones said and dont stop working just because you got into MITyou have to wait until you get into grad school before you can start slacking.

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 1401 Words

Hook In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, Nora transforms from a standard housewife of society to a woman seeking independence. The expectations that society has confine Nora to a strict life in her marriage as she tries to fulfil the roles of mother and wife. Nora discovers that to find her identity, she has to break out of society’s expectations and leave her family behind to start anew. Society standards influence the way people live their lives even in something as personal as marriage and can strip away their sense of identity. In the beginning of the story, Nora appears to be happily married and fulfills her societal role as a mother and wife. In this era, a woman’s role in society was to be a housewife and to care for her husband and†¦show more content†¦The meaning associated with the nicknames symbolize that society expected women to be obedient and dependent on her husband. They are seen as feminine and delicate; thus, their only responsibilities are to care for the children and home and all other matters are left to the husband. Nora consents to this idea when she responds to his nicknames with enthusiasm. She even leaves the decision of her dress to him saying â€Å"I can’t get anywhere without your help† (69). Additionally, Nora fulfills society’s role of a mother. In this time period, it was common for the maid to help care for the children; yet, Nora still enjoys spending time with her children. She plays games like hide-and-seek, listens to their stories, and at one point exclaims, â€Å"I’ll undress them myself. Oh yes, let me. It’s such fun† (61). Nora clearly loves her children and proves that she will go beyond society’s expectations to provide for them. As the story progresses, Nora begins to view the flaws caused by society’s standards and questions the truth of their marriage and society. First, Torvald sparks the idea in Nora that she will be a bad influence on her children when he states that â€Å"Almost everyone who goes bad early in life has a mother who’s a chronic liar† (70). Since Nora has been keeping her debt a secret from Torvald and lying to cover it up, she fears that she will corrupt her own

High and low culture Free Essay Example, 2000 words

In other words, the distinction between the high and the low culture shows the difference of culture as an activity promoting specific social beliefs and perceptions and culture as part of the daily life. In the second case, culture needs to incorporate or reflect the challenges of people as members of a community. If regarded as only a means for promoting specific interests, culture is isolated from the daily social life becoming close to the elite class. As analyzed in the study of Johnston (2006) the low culture has been often considered as the main tool for identifying the elements of the daily life of people within a specific social context, a target which cannot be achieved by observing the high culture which is likely to show exceptional modes of life, meaning the cultural preferences of the elite (Johnston 20). However, it is noted that the forms of low culture are often of poor quality, meaning that their aesthetic is limited, compared to high culture. It is explained that this problem has been made clear since the Renaissance (Johnston 20). We will write a custom essay sample on High and low culture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The review of the historical development of high and low culture leads to the assumption that the distinction of these forms of culture should be considered as the result of the modernist period. As noted in the study of Bertens (236) the ‘great divide’ developed during the modernist period led to the distinction of culture to high and low in order to respond to the needs of the elite class of the above period. In the post-modernism period, the distance between the high and low culture was decreased – under the influence of the increase of power of middle/ low social classes, a result of the radical increase of population globally. The relationship between post-modernism and high/ low culture is emphasized in the study of Jameson (1983, 1984), of Ulmer (1985) and of Hirsch (1987). In accordance with Jameson, the limitation of the distance between the high and low culture, should be related with the appearance of popular culture as a mass culture (Jameson, 1983 in Giroux 62). Popular culture, as a form of culture, was introduced in order to show the forms of culture that are popular to the high percentage of the population, i.e. popular culture refers to the favorable culture of the majority of people, not necessarily restricted in terms of geography. On the other hand, it should be noted, that the popular culture is often characterized as low culture, i.e. of culture of poor quality, as this problem is described using the term ‘kitsch’ (Giroux 62); the above fact proves that even if the differentiation between high and low culture has been limited, still the acceptance of popular culture as part of modern culture is in doubt.

Intro to Chicano Studies Free Essays

David E. Dominguez April 21, 2013 ECC RM 169 Introduction to Chicano Studies Midterm Have you ever noticed the numerous similarities between you and your peers? No? Perhaps the way you speak upon one another, the tone, maybe the diction, or even the syntax of your voice can all be apart of ones culture. However, communication is only one of the very many key elements when taking in and digesting the term, ‘Culture’ along with its eclectic and widespread meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro to Chicano Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, when I say, â€Å"take in and digest†, I simply am referring to act of embracing and understanding the complete meaning of the word and its effect on our everyday life. Many professionals such as Anthropologist, Doctors, Psychologist, Economist and many more Scientist have their own definition of what culture may be, as well as your regular neighbors, classmates, co-workers, and even teachers. So why is this measly word so important? Well figure this, there is only one race everything else is culture, here in the United States of America we are what is defined as a multi-cultural society, nationwide. This means that within our country resign many different ways of life, entertainment, appearance, language, social classes, and even many deaths due to disease, thus resulting in a grand amount of what are called cultural clashes. Categorized as conscious and unconscious, these confrontations have an enormous effect on our civilization. Culture is an essential part of conflict and conflict resolution. Cultures are like underground rivers that run through our lives and relationships, giving us messages that shape our perceptions, attributions, judgments, and ideas of self and other. Though cultures are powerful, they are often unconscious, influencing conflict and attempts to resolve conflict in imperceptible ways. In other words, there are many circumstances in which these types of conflicts are in a sense, uncontrollable, meaning our regulatory system of life may have been pre-judged, now bare with me here, to my understanding due to my research, cultures are more than language, dress, and food customs. Cultural groups may share race, ethnicity, or nationality, but they also arise from cleavages of generation, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, ability and disability, political and religious affiliation, language, and gender- nd this just to call upon a few. There are also very many theories to this term, culture. For example, The Resource Pot defines culture as mutual adaption of diversity in life, also as respect and celebrated diversity. On the other hand, the concept and theory of The Salad Bowl reveals another meaning to culture, such as acculturation, acculturation is when two or more cultures come into psychological, physical, or even environmental contact and begin to alter thei r original customs to further adapt to that in which they have discovered. This theory also reads that this part of culture is â€Å"color blind†, not literally of course but symbolically, towards race and ethnicity. Lastly there is the theory of The Melting Pot, which is a more assertive and aggressive form of acculturation, in which the dominant of the two cultures will succeed and overthrow, if you will. This particular theory also portrays the word Ethnocentrism. This is the act of judging ones culture based upon your own cultures’ ways and or beliefs. Emic and Etic are terms used by anthropologists and other social scientists referring to two different types of data collected on human behavior. Often used by cultural anthropologists, an â€Å"emic† point of view is one where the analysis of behavioral and cultural systems is defined in terms that are meaningful to the individual who is a participant within that culture, also known as an â€Å"insider’s view†. The emic perspective arises from the participant of the culture being observed. Now, the Etic point of view is which comes from the â€Å"outsiders† of the particular culture in which is being observed. In a comparison, the Etic perspective is used if the representations are in accord with scientific observers. The etic perspective employs a more logical, analytical and anthropological analysis of one who does not participate in the cultural that is being observed. However, despite any differences between these two perspectives, and due to my educational research, anthropologists agree that any ethnographic work ought to be represented using both the emic and etic views. To fully understand a culture, anthropologists must be able to understand the culture empathetically and scientifically. The two approaches build off one another and allow for a wider understanding of culture. Also, there are many elements in which may influence ones social and personal behaviors/identity as well as their mentality and psychological judgment or comprehension. Just to point out a few- life experiences, environment, personal choices, and Adversity†¦ ersonally, I believe you have to give back to those more in need to fully understand who you are as a person, in today’s society it is a â€Å"give me all about me† society and the more you give the more you gain as an individual and the more you grow and develop your own genuine not manufactured characteristics. Yes, I said manufactured characteristics, believe it or not but people are many times shaped and formed into who they are due to what they watch or see on the television screen or from what they hear on the radio stations, even within our children, its an epidemic. The mentality of the youth in any community as well as anywhere else across the globe, is very gullible and vulnerable. For instance, I observe the television shows on the Disney Channel that my four year old, soon to be five year old little sister watches, and I have learned that in each showing there is constant affectionate and loving relationships between young boys and girls. Now although it is portrayed as humor and may seem completely innocent, it makes me wonder how this will effect my baby in the future, along with the sexual and intimate lyrics played both on the radio stations and at home. I feel that the media contributes to the epidemic of pregnancy in young women now a days. That is just one personal opinion of observation from my perspective as an older brother as well as a young Chicano. I have come across these connections between Disney Channel’s young affairs, the radio stations, and the epidemic of pregnancy through my own personal experiences and visualizations of the youth in my family and across the city. My theory goes on much more into depth but lets stay on topic. The media is only another element in which may influence ones identity; another involves the environment, the habitat, and the beings all around the individual. When we enter the world we enter naked physically, socially, and culturally. Unlike other living creatures humans need social experience to learn their culture and survive. Only humans rely on culture rather than instincts to ensure the survival of their kind. The natural thing to humans is to create culture. Culture has to be learned it is not apart of a biological make up; but our biological make up makes culture possible. We as humans do not inherit habits and beliefs we acquire them during the course of social experiences. We come into this life without a language, social class, values, morals, religion, race, we do not even know how to love or hate. It is through human contact that people learn to become members of the human community. Culture is the values, beliefs, behaviors, and materials that form the way of life for humans. Culture interprets our surroundings for us and gives us meaning and allows us to express ourselves. To learn any culture is to learn a person’s values, ideas and of what is desirable in life. Values underline or preferences, guides or choices, indicate what we hold worthwhile in life. Values help define the character of a culture, but it does not provide specific courses of actions. Without any morals or values in life there is no culture, and once again, without culture what is life? What is the point of life without Culture? Without Culture life would be meaningless and boring, I think it is an extraordinary craft to learn ones culture who differs from you. How to cite Intro to Chicano Studies, Papers

Basics On Keats Essay Example For Students

Basics On Keats Essay -John Keats was born in 1795 and died in 1821-John Keats was born in Moorfield, England-John Keats had two brothers, George and Tom, and a sister Fanny-At the age of 23, John Keats saw his brother die of tuberculosis-John Keats was under five feet tall but he liked to fight, often getting into fights with men over a foot taller than himself-At the age of 26 John Keats died of tuberculosis-John Keats lost his father at the age of 8 and his mother when he was 14-Few famous poets have been more famous for their misfortunes than John Keats-John had studied to become a surgeon but eventually abandoned the profession of medicine for poetry-John Keats most famous work is the brilliant Ode to a Nightingale which he wrote on a warm and beautiful day in 1819-John Keats was a major figure in the Romantic movement-Keatss first published poems appeared in 1816 in the Examiner-Keatss first volume of poems was published in 1817. It attracted some good reviews, but these were followed by the first o f several harsh attacks by the influential Blackwoods Magazine. -At the age of 23, Keats fell in love with a beautiful young lady named Fanny BrawneBook Reports

Stressing The Importance Of Male And Female Education Essays

Stressing The Importance of Male and Female Education Different people have different ideas and opinions as to whether it is more important to educate boys or girls. Some believe that the education of boys is more important than that of the girls, and meanwhile others disagree. In reality, the choice depends on what country, culture, or society we are talking about. In many nations including many Asian countries, tradition demands that men provide the family with income, food, clothing, etc., and women perform the usual household business such as cooking, cleaning, washing, and taking care of children. In such societies it seems logical that there is more stress on the priority of men's education rather than women, since it is the male that requires the needed education to succeed, survive, and thrive. It is perceived in these countries that education is not of vital importance to women since they ?are not? supposed to work outside the house, and that their primary duty is to take care of the family and kids. However in modern societies and nations, the situation differs. Now days more countries are inclined towards modernization. The general moral philosophy of these nations is equality amongst men and women; therefore, this means equal business, industrial, and occupational opportunities for both the men and women. Based on these facts, it is vital to put of equal stress on the education of men and women for this will insure that females and males perform their tasks professionally and adequately. In my opinion, the edification of men and women has to be equally emphasized because today's technological and economical advanced world require fully educated, experienced, and versatile citizens regardless of their gender. And this can be only achieved through sufficient education of both men and women. The importance of todays society is to improve the reaction time interview tested techniques of the oriental and occidental countries and continents. Submitted By: Omid A. Javid

Does Milkshake Tastes Funny Essay Example

Does Milkshake Tastes Funny Essay Example Does Milkshake Tastes Funny Paper Does Milkshake Tastes Funny Paper Essay Topic: Funny Tastes Funny Synthesis George Stein Is a working student who Is looking for a stable Job that would provide for his financial needs. Finding out that Eastern Dally Is hilling, he quickly applied and found out that this might be one of the better Jobs he could find. The salary was above the normal in the industry, the working environment was not that stressful, and the schedule would allow him to attend his school during the day. After being accepted in Eastern Dairy, he was assigned at the freezer where he would stack containers of mix. However, since there is a limited number of manpower during the sight shift, everybody pitched an extra hand where work might be needed. One night the pipe that transports the mix line used for making shakes were clogging up badly and persistently with maggots. Should their group stop operations and continually unclog the pipes, they would not be able to deliver the necessary products on time costing the company more money. Paul, who often make the decisions during the night shift, told George that they should Just remove all five filters so that they could meet the deadline. He said It would be safe because the homogeneity would be able o collect all the sold materials that will go through the filters and the pastries would kill all the bacteria that may exist on their product. This made George uneasy and think what he should do Point of View George Stein the immediate action should come first from George because he must initiate things so that actions may or may not be done about the situation. Operations Manager he or she would be able to properly assess the situation as to what is an acceptable or not acceptable steps to take Problems Identified Lack of quality control, quality management, and quality assurance systems that old ensure compliance to quality standards. Lack of modern health, safety and environment (HOSE) policies, procedures, and controls that would ensure compliance to environmental standards. No formal training for employees before deployment to work Expectations from employees are not clear Statement of the Problem What necessary steps should George Stein do in order to deliver the product on time without sacrificing quality? Objectives Implement quality control, quality management, and quality assurance systems that would ensure compliance to quality standards. Implement policies, procedures, and intros on modern health, safety and environment would ensure compliance to environmental standards. Communicate to employees the foregoing policies and procedures and set expectations to employees Areas of Consideration (SOOT) Strength Eastern Dally Is unloaded and the wages paid to employees were over twice the minimum wage George had been paid on his previous Jobs. Easy Camaraderie wealth teen workup Labor relations seems amicable Weaknesses Poor management and Organizational structure No formal trainings or instructions given to newly hired employees before plowmen to work No managers assigned during night shift to supervise the work of employees Expectations from employees are not clear Poor maintenance of warehouse where milkshake ingredients stores self appointed shift leader didnt seem too concerned on the current situation of the company commendation Formulate quality control and quality management system to ensure that quality of products, stuff behavior and administration are under control. Design a monitoring situation. The company should assign manager who will to monitor the activity of employees and quality of production. Create Authority. Set direction for the organization and align employees on the direction set by management. The goals set should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. Motivate people to achieve the goals. Create ethical concept and corporate social responsibility to employees. Improve the organizational culture. Implementation Policies and procedures in proper handling and storing of inventories should be implemented to minimize theft, waste, and spoilage of inventories. Appoint person who will be responsible in controlling quality of materials used in process and the finished products sold by the company. Employees should be trained on health and fatty standards from procurement of raw materials, storage, handling, manufacturing and distribution of finished products. Before deployment to work, newly hired employees should undergo formal training to communicate the companys rules and procedures, policies, expectations, goals, targets and company culture. Learning Points This case provides an example of how a lack of a code of ethics or ethical training within a corporation can lead to negative consequences. The major players in the case are the night shift employees of Eastern Dairy, and the management of this company that set up the rules and expectations for the night shift.

Discuss three ways that technological innovation has worked to the Essay

Discuss three ways that technological innovation has worked to the detriment of organizational dynamics or to the detriment of s - Essay Example Take the case of patent applications. Technological innovation has been linked to the increase in patent applications. This is due to the extension of patent domain to new objects such as research tools, software, business methods, artificially engineered organisms and genes. Moreover new players like public agencies and universities have also entered the patent domain thereby making the market more competitive. In the past twenty years, we have witnessed a rapid growth in the rates of patents which also includes patenting the scientific resources and results. It has been observed that the patent applications from US corporations conducted from 1988 – 2000 have more than doubled. In other words, patents have acquired strategic value. A classic example in this context is that of Texas Instruments. This company is estimated to have profited around one billion dollars from patent licenses and settlements due to its aggressive enforcement policy. The above mentioned aspects have l ed to an increase in the patenting rates. This has subsequently increased the litigation expenses. According to the US Department of Commerce, patent litigation that commenced in the year 1991, led to an overall legal expenditure by US firms which were at least 25% of the cost of basic research conducted by these firms in 1991 (Dosi, Marengo & Pasquali, 2006). An important breakthrough in technology is the invention of computers and other advanced tools which provides accurate and fast results. Advanced and innovative software has provided us a platform to interact online with each other. The advent of e-mail, intranet, social networking tools like Facebook, Twitter etc. has made it possible for people to interact online. Previously, people used to meet each other and visit their close friends and relatives. Occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries were celebrated and people visited each other in person. However, with the advent of online tools people no longer care to visit their close friends and relatives. Instead they interact with them online with the various internet tools that have been invented. Nowadays, these tools are a means to keep in touch with each other and hence face-to-face interaction has lessened to quite an extent. Another negative effect of computers is that it has led to reduction in manual labor. Previously, all types of work needed to be done manually and this meant higher demand for laborers. With automation, the entire scenario has changed. Many people may argue that the job market has become more competitive with all firms struggling to put in their best to remain in market. However, the newspaper industry has been hit very hard as technological innovation has paved the way for advertising and market promotion actions through the web. Nowadays firms and organizations prefer to promote their products and services through the internet, online magazines and brochures which have a wider public appeal. This is one of the main reasons w hy most newspaper firms have ceased to remain in the market and in most countries it has been observed that only a handful of such companies remain in market. Technological innovation is a vicious cycle. Take the example of the automobile industry. With the advances made in technology, new automobiles are being designed taking into account the consumer comfort and luxury. In most countries people consider car to be a necessity as they prefer to commute driving their own automobile. This has led to an increase in the pollution levels

Operations Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operations Management - Term Paper Example The outputs will be the various types of lighting products such as bulbs and light lambs. The main focus in measuring productivity will be on our total productivity in which case all inputs and outputs will be considered (U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014).     Measuring productivity will be important since it is the best way to know whether we are making progress or not. Essentially, when a manufacturing company wants to boost its competitiveness, it has to invest a significant amount of money in methods that attract production and office efficiencies. This usually calls for external consultants and cost accounting experts (Brynjolfsson, 1993). For this business, measuring productivity will not demand the help of external consultants. The main objectives of the manufacturing business are to create high demand through the manufacturing and distribution of quality lighting products to our customers, but we do not want to create extra expense doing this since the skills to achieve this goal are available. However, the high demand has to be met (Chew, 2015). This implies that our production has to meet the existing demand for our lighting products. To achieve this, we plan to come up with an effective way of monitoring our total productivity by measuring it.   To measure our business productivity, we intend to define our inputs and outputs by determining their economic value. In this regard, the business aims to look for highly qualified personnel to achieve the most efficient human resources possible.

The Indian Middle Class History Essay

The Indian Middle Class History Essay Is there something known as the Indian middle class? How does it manifest itself in everyday India? Illustrate through Santosh Desais Mother Pious Lady. It is very tough to explain the contours that define the Indian middle class. Being in the middle is not a easy thing always as there are two conflicting forces that keep on pulling this middle towards itself. One is the rich, upper class, the elites whose lifestyles symbolise the new dawn of the country. The other is the seemingly poor, lower class which is routinely dismissed as the underbelly. But in Indias case, there definitely exists a middle class which is thriving and is a growing force for every aspect of the country society, culture, politics, market and even cinema. Santosh Desai, through his book Mother Pious Lady, shares this sentiment as he reflects on how the middle class has been negotiating with the seemingly innocuous but defining changes in their culture, thinking and lifestyles. This essay, through some anecdotes from Santosh Desais book and insights of some other thinkers, aims to emphasize the fact that something like a middle class is very much a part of India s structure and manifests itself in every day India. For the current generation, the concept of a middle class seems to be a fairly recent one. But then probably, the middle class was always there in the Indian history in some way or the other. A proto-middle class existed in India much before the British period, consisting of petty officials, shopkeepers, master craftsmen, priests and scribes. But they were not a middle class in the modern sense. Soon, the ideas of Industrial Revolution found their way into British India as well. Social values were transformed by the efforts of reformers like Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. At the same time, the growing use of the English language provided access to technological, political and cultural innovations of the West. Thus, the Indian middle class was born.  [1]   After independence, started the process of formation of a new lifestyle and image for the middle class the existing middle class of before independence; gained more resources for themselves and moved into the position of the new elites of the new, independent India. With the growth of public sector jobs in the 50s and 60s, came about the growth of a new middle class. As Sanjeev Sanyal puts it, In turn, it created a whole generation of middle-class children who grew up together in housing colonies and with a shared experience Chitrahaar on Doordarshan, the Fiat or scooter that was replaced by the Maruti 800, and the unending sequence of exams. It also led to a culture of sharing with each other. Sociologist Shiv Visvanathan provides an insight, What made the middle- class of the time different was the way it wove together scarcity, memory and boredom. The public sector socialism of the time with its ritual of ration cards created a world of limits. One did not starve but one subsisted on little. The one thing socialism created was the world of boredom as a commons. One shared each others boredom. The 70s and 80s gave a shape to the faint contours of the middle class which had risen in the 60s. The culture of the middle class was now also more consumption based and provided the image of the middle class which we now seem to identify with. Santosh Desai describes these pangs of growing consumption through anecdotes on how sending a 2-word telegram was all it took to convey well-being, how stainless steel utensils acted identifiers of a certain modernity that was newly acquired. Raja Menon provides another insight, Families moved into quarters designated Type 2 A, 14B/43 of Phase 1. All appliances-a radio, BW TV, a stereo, refrigerator and mixie-were displayed in the drawing room and the whole neighbourhood dropped in to watch Chitrahaar.  [2]   The 90s are heralded as the era of the middle class which the marketers chased. Liberalisation opened up new avenues for the middle class. When India opened up in 1991, the big attraction for marketers both national and global was the big Indian middle class estimated to be anywhere between 300 to 400 million and growing.  [3]   Anuradha Goyal documents the pangs of transition for the moderate 80s to the ambitious 90s for the middle class, They (middle class) lived in their own world where they had enough for their basic needs but nothing for their desires. Then came the famous economic reforms of early 90s and it changed the Indian middle class forever. People in the upper echelons of the society probably always had everything, and for the people in the lower rung things have still not have changed much except probably a mobile phone in the hand. But the middle class suddenly had more resources than they were used to. They could now afford to buy houses at a much younger age, cars almost at the beginning of their work lives, clothes and shoes without waiting for a wedding to happen in the family. Psychologically, for people who grew up in 70s and early 80s, the change was tremendous, while their growing up was in the era of scarcity they landed up in the era of abundance without really making a proportionate effort. They embraced the change but also had to deal with their roots that lie in another age. As a class they also became the focus segment for many product and service offerings. They were not used to and had to learn to deal with this sudden attention. During the 90s and beyond, the level of middle class got a raise, a raise which was quite different from that of the upper or lower class. As Madhukar Sabnavis puts the query, In any society, people want to move up in life and there is continuous push for every group to move up. Simultaneously, the people on the top have the urge to do better to distance themselves from the rest. So, to define a middle class by income earned is always possible. And to affix a number to it is equally easy, once the arithmetic is done. But is this actually the middle class and whats special about this class? Why is this group so special to everyone sociologists, marketers and administrators? Economically, the 90s defined the middle class in terms of its earnings and the subsequent spending or to say differently, the consumption. This new middle class worked hard to rise from the bottom, bringing with it a nouveau-rich mentality that some Indians consider vulgar. Today, Indias middle class is one of the largest in the world, equal in some estimates to the population of the United States. The economic reforms started in the early 1990s have spurred an annual growth rate exceeding 7%, with especially rapid growth in the middle class. Projecting that growth rate into the future, Indias income will double every ten years. Within a generation almost 50% of Indias people could become middle class and poverty could diminish to 15%. In line with this growth, the Indian middle class is developing an appetite for telephones, cars, televisions, clothes, refrigerators and other consumer goods.  [4]   This economic rise of the middle class also gave a new direction to the cultural mores which have now come to define the middle class in India Sabnavis again gives an insight, Once unshackled, its not surprising that the Indian middle class felt liberated to enjoy and spend in the last two decades. Integrity is a relic of the Gandhian/scarcity era. Means justify the ends has always been the Indian principle of living Krishna and Chanakya are the cultural icons of this. Jugaad has always been part of our lives. No doubt, words like jugaad, fixing, contacts have invariably crept into the lingo of the average middle class guy. Another quite peculiar identifier of this new middle class culture has been the fixation with English. Puts Vikram V. Garg  [5]  ,Knowledge of English, together with mass media and the internet puts middle India in a very interesting position. It is in some sense, pre-western. The combination of comfort with English, combined with the relatively liberal political and media environment of India, is resulting in a huge American influence on this middle class. Also contributing are the increasingly strong people to people links between America and India. The middle class is thus developing aspirations that are in line with this psuedo-western mindset. It seems that for now these aspirations are mostly consumerish and professional, not political. But the most defining feature of this middle class has been the fact that despite moving up the ladder in the consumption chain, it has not lost view of its traditions which does appear contrasting but is the path chosen. Says Rowena Robinson, The modernity of the middle class does not enter the realm of the mind. Perpetuating patriarchal and hierarchical notions and reaffirming stereotypical gender roles are seen as commitment to tradition. Being liberal is epitomised as consumption and spending.  [6]   Santosh Desai also emphasizes on a related aspect in Mother Pious Lady. He analyses this through the term ritual reality The penchant for symbolic action finds its pinnacle when it comes to finding a method to punish inactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the institution of the suspension is an inspired oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Most suspensions are liftedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and often with retrospective effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Overall, it seems to reflect a lack of belief in the ability of any person to materially alter the world through individual actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ we place thinking on a higher pedestal over action, seeing the latter as a lower order activity compared to the former. Another way to see this middle class is through the silver screen. The depiction of middle class in films has kept pace with the changing aspirations of the middle class itself. As Alam Srinivas puts it, Nationalism is not just about geographies, politics and social upheavals. Its also about economics, in the context of the evolution of the middle class-the intellectual-ideological force behind the nation-building exercise. Over decades, as various pressures transformed it, the middle class forced the country to alter its socio-politico-economic vision. And Hindi cinema has, through the decades, tracked all these changes.  [7]   Madhava Prasad refers to a certain tendency in popular Hindi cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He says that this set of films à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was addressed to the subject, the individual in society, faced with the struggle for existence, the locus of desires, fears and hopes  [8]  . He refers to this as the middle class cinema. The cinema of 1970s 1980s reflected the middle class as a section of society in transition and in that transition, going against the system and leading to a resultant angst the angry young man image as a symbol for the same films like Zanjeer, Deewar, Laawaris, Shaktià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Films like Ardha Satya and Aakrosh showed the undirected middle-class anger, discontent and confusion during those days in the 1970s and 1980s. The rise of economically empowered middle class in the 1990s gave a new image to be projected by popular media. In an article World Cinema: Bollywood forced to go mainstream? Iain Ball says -The highly educated middle and upper classes in India, once embarrassed at being westernized and for speaking and thinking in English, are feeling confident in their sense of identity and their language for the first time. Theres a whole audience one can target that wasnt there 10 or 15 years ago. This is a new money class.  [9]   As Neha Chadha points out, This also explains the sudden emergence and dissemination of a certain set of images that not only repeatedly appear in Hindi cinema but also float all around us on television, newspapers, hoardings, posters, etc. and create a matrix, of which we have now become a part. All sorts of consumer items fill the frame cars, phones, television sets, microwave ovens, designed interiors and increasingly they became a part of the narrative and sometimes even became the very tools to carry the narrative forward. This larger trend of media images that surrounds us is an ever-expanding universe of merchandise, shopping malls and the new media, and each, in its own way, naturalizes this image culture.  [10]   Thus emerged a new romantic form which was definitely different from that of the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was definitely not situated in the middle class. The romantic cinema of the late 1980s and early 1990s was about the urban youth who spend incessantly on food, clothes and entertainment, an image which continues to be projected even now. As Santosh Desai describes it, The Hero of today is changing, albeit slowly. His clothes are more normal and he woos his woman less roughly, but in many ways he is the same. As a society we still need our Heroes (sic) to do six impossible things before the first song in Switzerland. He must not appear ordinary, for we still have too much of that commodity going around in our own lives. As Chadha reasons, Even though the middle class exists in an enormous number as the principal consumers of these films, it is visually absent in them because it now begins to identify itself with a different class this identification occurs at the level of aspirations. Hence the paradox, the middle class can now not be associated with these images even though they could afford these objects or the lifestyle shown in these films. It is precisely this middle class that is the focus of Santosh Desais book, Mother Pious Lady. Desai dips into the world of media, Hindi films, relatives and jobs to paint a very accurate picture of India prior to liberalisation and in the early period after it. There are uncanny observations about the way Indian middle class has gone about living its life during this time.  [11]   For example, he offers an interesting insight about women travelling in DTC buses which some 20-22 years back, was the preferred mode of travel for the middle class The bus would wait for her arrival if needed to and the crowd would part to allow her to sit in the seat reserved for her. The relationship with the driver was never remotely improper; there was rarely any conversation or even an overt acknowledgement; it remained an unspoken pact between the driver and his muse. Desai offers his take on the changing aspirations of Indians, the dilemmas that come along with sweeping changes post liberalisation, and the historical baggage we carry. What we called middle class values were in reality nothing more than the whole protocol of actions we developed to deal with insufficiency with diginity and graceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A comrade of our needs, an enemy of our desires, this tightness of hand was accompanied by a value system that sought to minimise the acknowledgement of the role that desire played in our lives. He documents the huge shift the middle class has seen from stainless steel to the postcard, the blue used to whiten our clothes, the all-important crease in the trouser, unannounced (now unthinkable) visitors, the Bajaj scooter, the thali, even the pickle. Money used to be hard to come by, but joy wasnt The Maruti, which has been a symbol of the middle class living for quite some time, has been described by Desai like this For most of us, who were born in the middle class only to die there, the car was a border we could not imagine crossing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Maruti compressed the promise of consumerismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ flung the doors of aspiration wide openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The auto rickshaw, which is also a symbol of middle class transport, has been very amply described The autos appeal comes from its ability to provide a real luxury; it offers us the power of individualised motorised transport. When one hires an auto one is placing a value on ones own time. Rather than wait for public transport, an auto is hailed and ones precise destination is reached. The autorickshaws implicit deal with us is that while it gives us this wonderful luxury, in return it strips everything else in the experience that could remotely reek of luxury à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is both deeply comforting and dissatisfying. It captures the variable and uneven nature of life in India that is not too poor to have no choices, yet not so affluent that it can take life for granted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It reaffirms and gives substance to the Indian belief that life may be hard but there is always a way. The politics of speedbreaker are also a feature of his analysis, We may or may not build great roads, but we sure know how to build great speedbreakers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The speedbreaker exists to defeat the purpose of the road. Motorised traffic became possible because of the macadamisation of roads and the speedbreaker is tarmacs revenge on itself à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But there is a larger need that drives us to put up so many of these speedbreakers. At some level we are afraid of speed and the distance that gets created between those speeding and the rest of us. The speedbreaker is the political front, the battle line that marks the tussle between those with the means to speed and the othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Desai on those ubiquitous badges carefully bestowed on organizers at puja mandals and Lions Club felicitations: The badge is a quasi-uniform converting disconnected people into a cadre. The badge converts a lower division clerk into an officer bristling with disappointmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and a housewife into a despot with untrammelled powers. Whats the way ahead for this thriving, captivating middle class? Desai discusses how the Indian middle class is emerging from the folds of its past, thereby requiring fresh analysis. This transition, is still ongoing the middle class will become a stronger social force five years from now, with a more nuanced worldview. Rajdeep Sardesai documents this insight, The middle class, especially the more affluent sections, have dramatically shifted their priorities and become more self-centred than ever before. A credit card induced, acquisitive culture has meant that tomorrow is dispensable, what matters is the here and now. As long as an endless cycle of consumption is not significantly altered, there seems little empathy for the daily wage labourer who is struggling to survive. Double digit inflation is just a statistic, not a overwhelming concern.  [12]   Finally Madhukar Sabnavis has this prediction for the middle class, As India evolves, it appears the middle class, as we have known it in the second half of the 20th century, is disappearing. Across India, people are looking to better their lives materially and moving up the acquisition chain demanding more, wanting better products and living richer lives. Indian cultural values, however, will not disappear as people move up. Desire and values can and will coexist and its important for sociologists to accept it and live with it rather than bemoan it.

Frankenstein Essay

Throughout the novel, Frankenstein, a feminist theme subtly pervades the novel, and is crucial to the characters of the story, the plot line and the setting of the novel. The reasons for the creation of the monster lie within Frankenstein’s own familial relationships, especially with the grief he experienced at the loss of his mother. Frankenstein is riddled with passive female characters who suffer throughout the novel. However, not one female character throughout the novel ever exhibits behaviour outside of the submissive female role. Elizabeth, Victor’s love, dies at the hand of the male creature, while waiting for Victor to rescue her. Elizabeth is unable to do anything to defend herself without the help of a man. Equally, Justine Moritz is sentenced to death for a murder the creature also committed. Once again, she is unable to defend herself and prove her innocence and dies for it. Some may argue that Justine is a victim of circumstance however, but her docile role leaves her helpless to make her own destiny and defend herself against the false accusation. Mary Shelley’s own family life affected contents of the novel as well. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, a strong activist in the feminist movement, had died shortly after her own birth, and both her and her sister did not take kindly to their Father’s second wife, Mary Clairmont. During the nineteenth century, within Genevan society, where the novel was first written, men dominated the social and intellectual employment, whilst women only occupied the domestic work/lifestyle. Although the passivity of female characters is at a constant throughout the novel, perhaps coming to the conclusion that Frankenstein is simply a misogynistic text is unreasonable. Shelley’s feminist background, as a daughter of Wollstonecraft, questions the motives behind stereotyping traits of all of the female characters in the novel. Also, Elizabeth and Justine both died far before the end of the novel. It can be argued that by emphasising the conservative qualities of the characters, Shelley was able to also define the negative aspects of the static female ole by exterminating female characters that fit that role. By linking the submissive women with the negative demises, Shelley was able to emphasise the negative outcomes of their behaviour, contrasting with feminist ideals that would have in turn saved the character in each case. It can be debated that Shelley’s presentation of women after Caroline Beaufort’s death is the irreplaceable place of a mother or the assumption of roles by other characters. In the novel, Shelley seems to portray Caroline’s death as society’s view of women. Caroline is easily discarded, performs the role of the mother and then perishes. The women in Frankenstein could also be seen as virtuous and caring, as Caroline sacrifices her own health knowingly in order to look after Justine and Elizabeth; â€Å"Elizabeth was saved, but the consequences of this imprudence were fatal to her preserver. † Elizabeth appears to represent a replacement mother figure within the Frankenstein family, spurred on by dying request of Caroline for her to â€Å"supply† her place to her â€Å"younger children†. Agatha, as well, supplies this need within the DeLacey family by playing the womanly role. However, it is argued by some that a mother can never be truly replaced, and according to the maternal and biblical symbolism throughout this novel, the reader could be inclined to believe this is Shelley’s true opinion. Mary Shelley’s own mother died only eleven days after her birth, and it could be seen that the absence of a maternal figure is clear in Frankenstein. The absence of the maternal figure shows the apparent breakdown of a family unit and seems to inspire an oedipal complex within both Frankenstein and the monster. Like in Frankenstein, the role of men in Brave New World has a complete higher standing to women, both physically and psychologically. Also in comparison to Frankenstein, women have a better understanding of emotions and have more social roles. The portrayal of male superiority is uniform throughout the novel, and starts by introducing that overall dominance with the tour of the Hatchery. All the students on the tour are male and although maybe a minor detail, this shows that women are restricted to the things they do at an early age. During the tour, the students learn about pregnancies and that women are sterilised, yet the men aren’t. This short and important fact by the author exclaims the physiological dominance of men over women. The book shows no clear objection to leaving the future of their offspring in the hands of males, even if it is unhealthy. A specific character to talk about in Brave New World is Linda. Linda is the character in the novel who opposes the traditional role of women in the book (and that of women in Frankenstein). Like in a lot of Huxley’s pieces, this novel centres heavily around sex. In Brave New World, sex is no longer used for procreation but for distraction and pacification. The act has been dehumanised and devoid of human passion. I feel in this, Huxley tries to argue whether the future of our lifestyle is a subjugation of a natural inclination toward monogamy or the freedom of sleeping with many people. Linda is portrayed as the person opposing to modern culture, and causes the reader to question whether Huxley’s portrayal of women in Brave New World is apt. For her opposition to the modern culture, Linda is isolated, condemning her and her son to a marginal existence because of this. Another female character worth mentioning in Brave New World is Lenina Crowne, the main female character in the novel. Foster, Bernard and John are in awe of this woman, and it is puzzling to see why. She lacks intelligence, and is not particularly creative, interesting or unique. A word that Huxley uses constantly is â€Å"pneumatic†. The official definition of this is ‘full of air’, which seems to mean she is curvy and all-round sexy. It could be argued that Aldous Huxley purposely used this word as a double meaning, that she’s pneumatic mentally also; she’s vapid (lifeless and dull). In contrast to Linda in the novel, Huxley’s constant use of â€Å"pneumatic† implies that she’s the epitome of the World State female. I feel it is clear throughout the novel, and corresponding to her previous upbringing and family, Frankenstein works as an indication to the treatment of women during that time. Her portrayal of inferior women is ironic given she is the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. Elizabeth could be seen as a sign of mistreatment to women as she is portrayed as the perfect woman who represents domestic bliss and harmony, while rejected by Victor Frankenstein in his â€Å"pursuit of knowledge†. The role of Elizabeth during the novel could work as a feminist warning also, as she magnifies Victor’s selfish character; â€Å"my more than sister, since till death she was to be mine only. Likewise, in Brave New World, Aldous Huxley could have written the novel in order to show the wrong attitude towards women during the story. This could trigger spite towards the limits that women are still treated at, or were treated at when the novel was written. In conclusion to the two texts, the theme of feminism is still very relevant to the plot line in this modern age, although both works have been continuously adapted into different stories, plays and movies. Both Huxley and Shelley represent their female characters as inferior to and reliant on men, as well as more emotional in both texts. I feel both the authors represent their female roles like this, and in a negative light, to receive a reaction from the reader; in order to think of how women are still treated in today’s society and back then. The fact that Frankenstein is still present in literature, theatre, and cinema attests to the perpetuity of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and her views on feminism in society.

Launching the BMW Z3 Roadster Essay

BMW Z3 is the first BMW car which is being manufactured in North America which has not been a very big market [roughly around 16%] for BMW because of the inability of the American customer to associate with a foreign brand. Therefore the sales and marketing approach of BMW Z3 will lay the foundations of the future of BMW brand in America. Their phase I was a success, and they had two months between the launch and the product availability to further ingrain their brand image in the hearts of the Americans. So how to strengthen their brand campaign for the coming two months was their main concern. Brand symbol is an important aspect in the automobile industry as it is the brand image that drives the person to buy the automobile and defines the target market and therefore the revenues. This could be supported from the past: their shift in positioning from â€Å"yuppie status† to â€Å"Ultimate Driving Vehicle† led to a 18% increase in sales in one year. For BMW Z3 brand they wanted to preserve their reputation for driving performance but reposition their cars as stylish and fun to drive so that they settle into the minds and hearts of the American public and the vehicle becomes a cultural icon. With the plan of leveraging the excitement and enthusiasm of the customer base in a way that it will draw maximum attention and interest to the brand â€Å"non-traditional† marketing methods were chosen. These methods were more cost efficient because of the psychographic segmentation and delivered to a broader base which was the major intention of BMW. It was also different and unconventional which was what BMW wanted to associate with their unique brand. All their various marketing campaigns which included release of â€Å"Golden Eye†, in which their car was featured as â€Å"Bond’s car†, screening in the â€Å"Tonight Show†, Central Park launch event, radio DJ program, Neiman Marcus Catalog Offer and the video were completed by November which were roaring success and helped in building the required brand image which were reinforced through the traditional media campaigning in December. These campaigns were successful as they were able to generate favorable product reviews and they also resulted in 9000 pre-bookings much higher than the expected 5000. As an asset a brand name has to be carefully managed so that its brand equity does not decrease. Therefore BMW will have to take up some brand building initiatives so that the brand name remains in the market. As they have got more than expected pre-orders which is going to strain their existing process there is no point in going for sales increasing marketing strategies. It should be related to customer satisfaction because if these customers become advocates for BMW Z3 they will be able to convince more prospects in their reference groups to become customers. Through these customers BMW can also get data regarding the various cultural, personal, social and psychological factors that drove them to buy BMW Z3 on which they could base their second phase of brand building events. So therefore in January their first initiatives should be to send survey forms and invites for an exclusive test run for the various customers who have placed orders. Then in the month of February have road shows throughout the country where the prospective buyers of the car will have a first hand feel of the car they are going to buy. This will help in building a market through customer referral and building a â€Å"pull† market for the car rather than a â€Å"push† market. Customers could also be given details of their car and the various facilities they get as a package along with the car so that can perceive a higher â€Å"customer delivered value† for their car. In addition the people who attend the promotion shows could be given t-shirts with the logo â€Å"I have driven BMW 3Z† to further increase the brand awareness and strengthen the IInd phase of branding. The car could also be taken out on long drives through the cities where there will be maximum visibility. The above brand campaigns will not be able to generate any leads in the present but will help in bringing twin advantage of brand recall and improving customer rating of the brand.

Negotiable Instruments Under State and international Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1289 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Did you like this example? Negotiable Instruments 1 Part 1 Negotiable instruments are governed by both state and international law. Universally, the instruments are governed by the Universal Commercial Code (UCC) which defines negotiable instruments as unconditioned writing that promises payment of a fixed amount of money. Under the UCC checks are chiefly covered in article 3 and 4. The articles generally address check fraud litigation that emanate from check alterations, forging of the makerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature, payeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s check endorsement or either counterfeited checks created by dishonest third parties (Ames, 1972). In a bid to help protect and recover losses made by victims of fraud, the UCC by implication endorses a policy that the loss resulting from fraud is best placed on the party that is best placed to prevent the occasioning of the loss. This implicit policy gives light in Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scenario that he has a chance of recovering hi s money back from either bank. In a real case scenario, a drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s check moves downstream from the drawer to the checkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s payee. The check then moves from the payee to the drawee bank that in turn pays out the amount shown. The offender may at any time in the sequence enter the stream. In most case scenarios, since the offending party who commits the fraud often disappears into thin air without a trace, the claim involves the injured party against the drawee bank that processed unendorsed or forged check. The drawee bank is generally liable in cases of processed checks with forged drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature while the depository bank is liable for claims that involve the payeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s endorsement of the check (Ames, 1972). In Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scenario, the depository bank is liable for processing a check that did not bear the payeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s endorsement. The bank depository bank had direct contact with Micha el Kittinger who presented the fraudulent check. Thu,s the depository bank was in the best position to verify the checkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s endorsement. The bank ought to have taken reasonable caution to establish that the check was not endorsed by the payee and was fraudulent thus making it liable in recovering Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s money. In cases of double forgery where the drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature and endorsement are forged or unauthorized, the drawee bank is generally liable as it is held responsible for verifying the drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature. Subsequently, Nicholson may recover his money by suing the depository bank for conversion. The law permits an instrument to be converted if other than negotiation, it is taken by transfer, from an entity that is not permitted to implement the instrument or a bank that makes payment to a person who is not at liberty to implement the instrument or obtain any payment. According to the law, in a conversion claim , the measure of damages is presumed to be instrumentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s face value (Ames, 1972). To improve Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s chances of recovering his money back, the law ought to be revised in fraud litigation actions to give rise to a new cause of action for contributing to the recovery of the losses solely based on shared culpability. Most state laws permit a bank to only charge customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accounts for checks that are deemed to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"properly made.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The provision in turn creates room for claims against banks that impose charges its customers for checks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"not properly payable.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The claim may constitute an action for a breach of contract claim against the bank by a customer for paying an item that is not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"properly payable.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ However, the parties in the contract may decide by agreement the standards b which the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility maybe measure d if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable (Ames, 1972). Additionally, to improve Nicholsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s chances of recovering his money courts ought to embrace the use of conversion in check fraud claims and that depository bank ought to be allowed to recover from upstream banks for errors that may result in shifting liability. Nicholson may also sue the bank for indemnification and negligence to recover his money back (Ames, 1972). Part 2 Under the auspices of the UCC Joey can indeed recover his money from the 24 Hour check cashing company. The drawee bank, in this case, the 24 Hour check cashing company that paid out money after the check was presented is generally liable for claims that involve drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature. The bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability arises as the bank is liable for claims that involving the drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature. The bank is held responsible for verifying the signature and anything that may arouse suspicion on the drawerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s check (McKeehan, 2001). In Joeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s scenario, he was mugged by his assailant Stan leading to his bleeding on the check. Stan then took the check with blood stains on it and cashed it on the 24 Hour check cashing company where he withdraws all the money. The teller ignoring the blood stains on the check after verifying the checkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proper endorsement handed over the money to Stan. The availability of blood on the check ought to have raised reasonable suspicion about the check. The bank via its employee had a duty to verify the authenticity of the check which was glaringly brought into issue by the availability of blood stains on the check. However, the bank failed to act on its duty of exercising ordinary care and negligently issued the money to Stan even after presenting a check that was doused in blood. On a reasonable point of view, the issuance of the money was as a result of a negligent act that ought to have be en prevented and led to the loss of Joeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s money. Because the negligent act was perpetrated by the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employee, the doctrine of vicarious liability makes the bank liable for any wrongs done by its employees in the scope of their work. In recovering his money, Joey can bring a claim of negligence against the bank based on the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s negligent act (Whaley, 1974). Subsequently, Joey can also plead legal duress as his defense against the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s refusal to repay his money back. Scholars articulate that an individual can plead duress in a claim brought against a bank for recovery of money if the individual can prove that he or she was the subject of immense pressure caused by another person at the time of the deedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ execution. Joey signed the instrument under threat and subject to physical violence that was evidenced by his bleeding on the check presented to the 24 Hour check cashing company by Stan . If an entity is forced to sign an instrument without his or her will, the entity is not legally bound to honor the terms of the instrument. Joey, in this case, was not bound by the transaction as his endorsement was obtained under duress (Palmer, G. E. (2001). Under the auspices of the UCC which protects negotiable instruments, duress invalidates delivery. Delivery of the instrument as well as the transfer of ownership from one person to another is solely based on mutual consent and duress invalidates that consent, thus constituting an illegality. There must be an intention on the part of the holder, in this case Joey to relinquish ownership of his possession to Stan. However, this intention was absent in the instrument (Palmer, G. E. (2001). Stanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s endorsement of the check was forcefully sought which constituted an illegality. An illegality renders a contract void and thus the bank is under no duty to enforce an illegal contract and ought to refund Joey his money back (Palmer, G. E. (2001). References Ames, J. B. (1972). The Negotiable Instruments Law. Harvard Law Review, 241-257. McKeehan, C. L. (2001). Negotiable Instruments Law. Am. L. Reg., 50, 437. Palmer, G. E. (2001). Negotiable Instruments Under the Uniform Commercial Code. Michigan Law Review, 255-310. Whaley, D. J. (1974). Negligence Negotiable Instruments. NCL Rev., 53, 1. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Negotiable Instruments Under State and international Law" essay for you Create order