How Lactose Free Milk Is Made

How Lactose Free Milk Is Made If you avoid regular dairy products because of lactose intolerance, you can turn to lactose-free milk and other dairy products. Have you ever wondered what being lactose intolerant means or how the chemical is removed from milk? Lactose Intolerance Basics Lactose intolerance isnt an allergy to milk. What it means is that the body lacks insufficient amounts of the digestive enzyme, lactase, needed to break down lactose or milk sugar. So, if you suffer lactose intolerance and ingest regular milk, the lactose passes through your gastrointestinal tract unaltered. While your body cant digest the lactose, gut bacteria can utilize it, releasing lactic acid and gas as products of the reaction, which lead to bloating and uncomfortable cramping. Ways Lactose Is Removed from Milk There are a few different ways to remove lactose from milk. As youd guess, the more involved the process, the more the milk costs at the store. A common method is to simply add the enzyme lactase to milk, essentially pre-digesting the sugar into glucose and galactose. The resulting milk still contains the enzyme, so the milk is ultra-pasteurized to deactivate the enzyme and extend the shelf life of the milk.Another method is to pass milk over lactase that is bound to a carrier. Using this procedure, the milk still contains the sugars glucose and galactose, but not the enzyme.Membrane fractionation and other ultrafiltration techniques may be used to mechanically separate lactose from milk. These methods completely remove the sugar, better preserving the normal flavor of milk. Why Lactose-Free Milk Tastes Different If lactase is added to milk, the lactose breaks into glucose and galactose. There isnt more sugar in the milk than before, but it tastes a lot sweeter because taste receptors perceive glucose and galactose as sweeter than lactose. In addition to tasting sweeter, milk that is ultra-pasteurized tastes different because of the extra heat applied during its preparation. How To Make Lactose-Free Milk at Home Lactose-free milk costs a lot more than regular milk because of the additional steps required to make it. However, you can save most of the expense if you turn regular milk into lactose-free milk yourself. The easiest way to do this is to add lactase to the milk. Lactase drops are available at many stores or online from stores, such as Amazon. The amount of lactose removed from the milk depends on how much lactase you add and how long you give the enzyme to react (usually 24 hours for full activity). If you are less sensitive to the effects of lactose, you dont need to wait as long or you can save more money and add less lactase. Aside from saving money, one advantage to making your own lactose-free milk is that you wont get that cooked flavor of ultrapasteurized milk. Reference: Membrane fractionation processes for removing 90% to 95% of the lactose and sodium from skim milk and for preparing lactose and sodium-reduced skim milk. Morr CV and Brandon SC. J. Food Sci. 2008 Nov: 73(9).

Parsing Text Files With Perl

Parsing Text Files With Perl Parsing text files is one of the reasons Perl makes a great data mining and scripting tool. As youll see below, Perl can be used to basically reformat a group of text. If you look down at the first chunk of text and then the last part at the bottom of the page, you can see that the code in the middle is what transforms the first set into the second. How to Parse Text Files As an example, lets build a little program that opens up a tab separated data file, and parses the columns into something we can use. Say, as an example, that your boss hands you a file with a list of names, emails, and phone numbers, and wants you to read the file and do something with the information, like put it into a database or just print it out in a nicely formatted report. The files columns are separated with the TAB character and would look something like this: Larry larryexample.com 111-1111 Curly curlyexample.com 222-2222 Moe moeexample.com 333-3333 Heres the full listing well be working with: #!/usr/bin/perl open (FILE, data.txt); while (FILE) { chomp; ($name, $email, $phone) split(\t); print Name: $name\n; print Email: $email\n; print Phone: $phone\n; print -\n; } close (FILE); exit; Note:Â  This pulls some code from the tutorial on how to read and write files in Perl. What it does first is open a file called data.txt (that should reside in the same directory as the Perl script). Then, it reads the file into the catchall variable $_ line by line. In this case, the $_ is implied and not actually used in the code. After reading in a line, any whitespace is chomped off the end of it. Then, the split function is used to break the line on the tab character. In this case, the tab is represented by the code \t. To the left of the splits sign, youll see that Im assigning a group of three different variables. These represent one for each column of the line. Finally, each variable that has been split from the files line is printed separately so that you can see how to access each columns data individually. The output of the script should look something like this: Name: Larry Email: larryexample.com Phone: 111-1111 - Name: Curly Email: curlyexample.com Phone: 222-2222 - Name: Moe Email: moeexample.com Phone: 333-3333 - Although in this example were just printing out the data, it would be trivially easy to store that same information parsed from a TSV or CSV file, in a full-fledged database.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Management - Essay Example Managerial communication is the element of an organization or business that helps the managers of those organizations to communicate with each other, that is if there is more than one manager, as well as with the other employees within the organization.â€Å"Managers must be efficient and effective communicators in a fast-paced highly competitive environment.† (Hynes, Geraldine E, P18).If information is not shared, then it is of no use to the organization and will bring no benefit. In order to share this information, there has to be proper communication techniques that will help the individual members of an organization stay up to date with the latest on goings, events and developments. Good communication helps ease the transfer of valuable information between members of one party to members of another, otherwise known as the sender and the receiver. Managers of an organization that are working towards a common goal, are required to smooth out the flow of information by using effective managerial techniques. Managerial communication is divided into two sub categories, namely; interpersonal communication and organizational communication. Interpersonal communication is the communication or the transfer of information that takes place between two or more individuals at a workplace, whereas organizational communication is one that occurs at all levels of an organization. ... Understanding of a manager’s message is based on the receiver’s perception and message interpretation† (Larry R Smeltzer, Donald J. Leonard, 1994, p27). Many of these issues are related to decision making that turn out to be controversial and not too favorable for some of the subordinates. A controversial decision will incur anxiety and resistance, especially decisions that speak about any sort of change or alteration to the structure of the organization. Changing an organization’s goals for example, will definitely create uncertainty in groups, leading eventually to anxiety and protest. Although lying or half truths are sometimes spread for the benefit of the organization, the process of doing so can destroy the trust that an employee has built with the employer. Due to this, the employee will begin to question the employer’s sincerity and most probably seek a new job where the employer is someone he/she can trust. The employee might even tend to sp read the notion of the employer being insincere and this could be disastrous for the organization, potentially losing valuable employees. Another issue that arises in the management of an organization is caused when the realities of power are not recognized. If a manager is found to be really high in the organization’s hierarchal structure, it is possible for problems that occur in the organization, to reach that manager a little too late and also softened in nature so as to cause minimal blow. Every employee who passes on the problem ensures to reduce the degree of that problem. If the manager is unable to properly recognize the integrity of the situation, the problem might not be dealt with in the right way and may lead to undesirable consequences. In the same way, messages and information

Answer the Q Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer the Q - Case Study Example Thus, both these aspects affect the people in economic terms by hampering their earning opportunities (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics., â€Å"Employment Situation†). Cyclical unemployment can be estimated to be very difficult to overcome in comparison to other types of unemployment. It is very difficult to overcome as it encompasses with large numbers of candidates who are willing to work, but are unable to get a proper employment. Cyclical employment is prevelant in almost every country whereby people with proper talents and potentials are unable to find a suitable job (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics., â€Å"Employment Situation†). While calculating the unemployment rate, all the factors relating to unemployment of different age groups and both the genders are taken into consideration with the help of separate calculations. It would be benficial if the unemployement rate, as a whole, is calculated for deriving the exact rate of unemployment rather than basing the calculations on different aspects that may include different reasons for unemployment among different age groups and genders who are unemployed. For creating more job opportunities in the US, the country would need to improve its economic stability. It is only then that the country can be able to provide better employment opportunities to the deserving candidates. If the nation can increase its profitability by way of different business investments and other commercial associations, the nation would be able to curb almost all the issues related to unemployment to a very large extent. There are numerous issues that can be observed as related with the unemployment levels in the US. Recession can be considered to be one of the primary reasons for high rate of unemployment in the US. Recession is often acquainted with contraction in the investment and spending approaches taken by businesses which further lead to unemployment within the nation (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.,

The Handsomest Drowned Man Essay Example for Free

The Handsomest Drowned Man Essay That was how they came to hold the most splendid funeral they could ever conceive of for an abandoned drowned man. Thesis  The author uses magical realism such as everyone worshiping a stranger this helps the reader understand reality because sometimes we treat the dead better than we do the living. The people of the town pampered him, treated him like a god and adjusted there lives around him even though he was dead. Conclusion The people of the town pampered the strange good looking dead man, treated him like a god and adjusted there lives around him even though he was dead. They treated the mysterious drowned man like royalty even though he was a stranger. Magical Realism They secretly compared him to their own men, thinking that for all their lives theirs were incapable of doing what he could do in one night, and they ended up dismissing them deep in their hearts as the weakest, meanest and most useless creatures on earth. The reader gains a better understanding about reality because it shows that sometime we base too much off looks The magical realism reveals the authors argument by showing more bluntly how we think better of the living than of the dead Later, when they covered his face with a handkerchief so that the light would not bother him, he looked so forever dead, so defenseless, so much like their men that the first furrows of tears opened in their hearts. This quote helps readers gain a better understanding of reality because they started thinking badly of the ones who were living. The author supports his argument because it shows how much the people care for this strange myth like man. It gains a better perspective of reality because they have treated him better than there own family and sometimes we dont appreciate our family The author argued in this quote because they held the best funeral they have ever held for a dead man they had only just come across!

The Black Arts Movement Essay examples -- African Americans History Es

The Black Arts Movement The Black Arts movement refers to a period of â€Å"furious flowering† of African American creativity beginning in the mid-1960’s and continuing through much of the 1970’s (Perceptions of Black). Linked both chronologically and ideologically with the Black Power Movement, The BAM recognized the idea of two cultural Americas: one black and one white. The BAM pressed for the creation of a distinctive Black Aesthetic in which black artists created for black audiences. The movement saw artistic production as the key to revising Black American’s perceptions of themselves, thus the Black Aesthetic was believed to be an integral component of the economic, political, and cultural empowerment of the Black community. The concepts of Black Power, Nationalism, Community, and Performance all influenced the formation of this national movement, and it proliferated through community institutions, theatrical performance, literature, and music. The symbolic birth of the Black Arts Movement is generally dated to 1965 and coincides with a major transformation in the life of its most prominent leader, Amiri Baraka, formally LeRoi Jones. Early in his career LeRoi Jones won notoriety and critical acclaim for his plays, specifically the Dutchmen, while living in Greenwich Village at the heart of the Beat Scene. However, beginning in 1964 he underwent a personal transformation which resulted in his distancing himself from white culture. LeRoi Jones divorced his white wife, moved to Harlem, changed his name, and adopted a Black Nationalist View. Shortly after Malcolm X’s assassination in February of 1965, Amiri Baraka joined forces with Charles and William Patterson, Askia Toure, Clarence Moure, an... ...) – Part 1.† The Black Collegian Online. 28 Nov 2004. http://www.black-collegian.com/african/bam1_200shtml Kalamu ya Salaam. â€Å"Historical Background of the Black Arts Movement (BAM)– Part2† The Black Collegian Online. 28 Nov. 2004. http://www.black-collegian.com/African/bam2_200shtml Modern American Poetry. Ed. Cary Nelson. 29. Nov. 2004. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/index.html Neal, Larry. â€Å"The Black Arts Movement.† The Black Aesthetic. Ed. Addison Gayle, Jr.New York: Doubleday &Company, Inc., 1971. 272 - 290. Perception of Black: African American Visual Art and the Black Arts Movement. University of Virginia. 28 Nov. 2004. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG01/hughes/blackart/html Smith, David Lionel. â€Å"The Black Arts Movement and Its Critics.† American Literary History. 3.1 (Spring 1991): 94-109.

New and Significant Management Insights from Recomputed Baldrige Scores

Baldrige Criteria raw scores were statistically analyzed carrying out correlation test, t-test, and regression analyses tests on two (2) groups designated as Leaders and on another group as Others. From an earlier examination of the respondents that the Leaders were actually Senior Leaders and that the Others were actually Junior Leaders, the tests consistently showed that the Senior Leaders were more concerned with external factors, such as satisfying Customer and Market Focus and delivering Business Results.Expectedly, as Junior Leaders, they showed total balanced concern for all the categories of the Baldrige Criteria.Results of both groups descriptively (Commerce, 2007b) fell into the Baldrige Leadership and Results Triads, pages 4 and 5 (Commerce, 2007b). Other possible uses of already available Baldrige Criteria raw scores must be further explored especially in the feasibility of predicting favorable leadership qualities towards successful organizations. Introduction What a bet ter way to define leadership than through differentiating it with management by these 2 very self-explanatory popular business amorphisms: Management guru Peter Drucker and Bennis jumbled words, in that:â€Å"Management is doing things right; Leadership is doing the right things† (Warren Bennis, 1995). Thus, Bennis, then has more to say, in that: â€Å"Managers want to be efficient. Leaders want to be effective†(Warren Bennis, 1995). Through the centuries, man has always been awed by outstanding leaders. Hence, through the years, continuing search has been made of the unmistakable character traits of leadership, obviously found in leaders. There have even been attempts at possibly measuring leadership, or if not, trying to segregate those people who are leaders from those who are not leaders by applying some pre-set leadership criteria on them.Review of Related Literature The Value of Leadership Qualities of leadership, specifically military leadership are found not on ly under the subject heading Military Leadership in the earlier August 1999 US Army Field Manual (FM) 22-100 Army Leadership Be, Know, Do version (Army, 1999) but also in just the latest October 2006 US Army FM 6-22 Army Leadership Competent, Confident, Agile version (Army, 2006). From the 1999 US FM 22-100, Napoleon Bonaparte, a most famous military leader boasted (more, later) that: â€Å"A man does not have himself killed for a few halfpence a day or for a petty distinction.You must speak to the soul in order to electrify the man† (Army, 1999). Moreover, according to the same 1999 US FM 22-100, it would be safe to declare then that with those good qualities of leadership, former US Army Sergeant Major Richard A. Kidd had this to say (more, later), that: â€Å"Soldiers learn to be good leaders from good leaders† (Army, 1999). It will be at best a very highly debatable issue (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003), the importance of military leadership o ver civilian leadership, as just fitting and right.Over 228 years of US Military fighting history and existence, only in the past 8 years, already two military volumes of the US Army on Military Leadership had been printed, as we have seen above: the year 1999 FM 22-10 and the year 2006 FM 6-22, representing the US’ foremost military leadership literature. Why and how the US became a military power may also be attributed to those two manuals which encapsulated especially the US Marines’ superior rigorous and highly-proven training methods over 228 years to produce the US Military’s effective and successful military leaders/officers and soldiers (women from all ranks included).Without deliberately and unnecessarily comparing and contrasting (though debatable) military leadership and civilian leadership, it just cannot be helped; however, to sufficiently point out only two major differences between them. Obviously, first, the highest stakes are over human life-and -death situations and possible widespread public infrastructure damage by which military leaders could legitimately under military leadership give the orders for the go-ahead, as in â€Å"to seek and destroy (with impunity and without prejudice! )†.Such situation cannot be compared with any other civilian leader, except for the lone duly-elected civilian President also deciding as Commander-in-Chief of the nation under a democratic country where civilian authority is supreme over the military. In other words, hands down, each individual military leader or officer is tasked to the extremes: physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, psychologically, socially, and so on–more than any of his civilian counterpart under any same given conditions (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003).Second, it could be generally inferred that it would be much easier to make the transition by a military leader to become a civilian leader (to be discussed later); than for a civilian leader to become a military one—simply because of more demanding requirements of the civilian individual (or leader) by the military life (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). Civilian leadership may be further subdivided into spiritual leadership in origin or in nature (Greenleaf, 2002), political leadership (Gardner, 1990; Warren Bennis, 1995; Yukl, 2001), and business leadership (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Jason A.Santamaria, 2003; Yukl, 2001). For leaders who are successful in their own fields, yet surprisingly, they still feel themselves very melancholy and unexplainably â€Å"unfulfilled†, the most plausible search for their fulfillment, obviously with very strong spiritual undertones, may come from imbibing that concept of servant-leadership, a term coined by Robert K. Greenleaf who wrote Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, 25th Anniversary Edition as a hardcover (Covey, 2006; Greenleaf, 2002).Naturally, proponents, advocates, practitioners, and â€Å"fanatics† of this â€Å"Greenleaf culture† or those practicing spiritual leadership should be, just to give examples, are the so-called Roman Catholic religious orders with lifetime vocations of daily self-denial comprising the monks, missionaries, contemplatives, and so on. Tao Te Ching, ca. 6th century BCE as described in chapter 17, on â€Å"servant-leadership† remains to be a timeless ideal (Greenleaf, 2002). Following closely at his heels, Jesus Christ ca. 33 AD sought to teach his disciples that in order to be first they must â€Å"wash each other's feet†.In other words, taken directly from the Online 1611 King James Version (K. J. V. , 2007) from the gospel evangelists’ accounts, the disciples must seek to serve each other in order to be true leaders from Chapter 13 of the Gospel of John (K. J. V. , 2007). And again, Jesus said that â€Å"many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first† meaning that true leadership, according to Jesus, was leadership based on servanthood from Chapter 19 according to the Gospel of Matthew (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Gardner, 1990; K. J. V. , 2007).Thus, now many years later if analyzed, notice Bonaparte’s speaking to man’s soul to electrify man (Army, 1999) for man to join his Army, with the certainty that that man will get killed–can be found in the servant-leader concept during World War II as exquisitely applied by the German people and the German Army in their allegiance to their Fuehrer (Adolf Hitler) of the Fatherland (nation Germany) and by the Japanese people and the Japanese Army in their allegiance to their considered demi-god Emperor (Emperor Hirohito) of their beloved nation Japan.It really is noteworthy that Larry C. Spears, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership since 1990, summarized Greenleafâ⠂¬â„¢s works by listing down the servant-leaders’ ten (10) characteristics which because of the concept/principle of the servant-leaders’ deep spiritual underpinnings, all the other mentioned habits or values of civilian leadership literature can be included in any one of these ten items. The following list can be considered a veritable â€Å"How To’s in Leadership†:Hence, those other leadership habits or values, also cited accordingly alongside each of these characteristics mentioned are from Stephen R. Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (Covey, 1900), Principle-Centered Leadership (Covey, 1992), and The 8th Habit from Effectiveness to Greatness (Covey, 2006); John W. Gardner’s On Leadership (Gardner, 1990); Warren Bennis and Joan Goldsmith’s Learning to Lead (Warren Bennis, 1995); and from Gary Yukl’s Leadership in Organizations (Yukl, 2001). 1. Listening (Greenleaf, 2002):While other leaders are expected to be e xcellent communicators and decision-makers, servant-leaders, rather than to be listened to, are now more than ever, expected to listen intently to the others (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 6, Synergize (of 7 or of 8), that the would-be-leader, believing that the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts, through mutual trust in attentively listening to the other person they could both arrive at the best solution because they listened to one another, better than either’s (Covey, 1900). Same as Characteristic 7, They Are Synergistic (Covey, 1992). 2. Empathy (Greenleaf, 2002):Servant-leaders try very hard to understand and empathize with others, accepting them as they are, and as they come and go (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 5, Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood, that the would-be-leader must try his best first to identify with the other person before he himself expects to be understood by that person (Covey, 1900). 3. Healing (Greenleaf, 2002): An on-going phenomenon betwee n serving and being served is not only the potential but the actuality that both serving and being served are â€Å"healed† or â€Å"made whole† again by their shared experiences (Greenleaf, 2002).Habit 4 (of 7 or of 8), Think Win/Win, that the would-be-leader makes sure that his counterpart and he are both benefited by any arrangement or agreement they have arrived at (Covey, 1900). Habit 7 (of 7 or of 8), Sharpening the Saw, that the would-be-leader voluntarily and regularly maintains a balanced personal renewal of his physical, mental, social/emotional, and spiritual dimensions (Covey, 1900) and very similar, if not the same as Characteristic 5, They Lead Balanced Lives (Covey, 1992) and Characteristic 8, They Exercise For Self-Renewal (Covey, 1992).Bennis was able to grasp this truth, in that: â€Å"As Sophocles observes in Antigone, ‘’But hard it is to learn the mind of any mortal, or the heart, 'til he be tried in chief authority. Power shows the ma n’’’† (Warren Bennis, 1995). 4. Awareness (Greenleaf, 2002): Able servant-leaders are usually sharply awake and reasonably disturbed from integrated holistic perspectives, yet with inner serenity (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 1 (of 7 or of 8), Being Proactive or the concept of Inside-Out, that any significant type of change in the would-be-leader must first come from within himself (Covey, 1900).

Education for Secondary Students With Mental Retardation Essay

Education is important for any young person. All secondary school students are looking forward to their futures and independence. This is the goal that mentally challenged students also look forward to. It is the challenge of the school system to give each young person the best possible chance at achieving the goal of independence or at the very least performing daily functions to the best of his or her ability. In order for a school or teacher to accomplish this, the teacher must determine the student’s level of academic and adaptive skills then find ways to help him successfully transition into an area of employment that matches his skills. Education for Secondary Students with Mental Retardation Teachers who work with students with disabilities face greater challenges in preparing their students for the world outside of school. Many mentally retarded students, however can be very functional and hold jobs, if they are properly prepared for the world and helped to find their strengths. One of the first things the special education teacher needs to know is that each disability is different and each disabled student has individual needs. Once the teacher has established that each student needs to be treated differently, then a plan can be developed for the student’s future. The first step in helping a student reach his full potential is to determine the skills he already has, such as his academic and adaptive skills. By using these skills, the teacher can help the student make a successful transition from the academic world into the adult world of employment. A final step in successfully educating special needs students involves matching the student’s strongest skills with potential employment opportunities and training the student for the job he would be most likely to succeed in. When a teacher gets a special needs student in her class, her first challenge is to find out what his natural skills are. The first set of skills that need to be evaluated are the student’s academic skills. Academic skills consist what is usually considered school knowledge or what the student learned in school. Academic skills include skills such as critical thinking, reading, writing and mathematical skills (Young, 2007). They are often considered the skills that can be taught. A teacher who wants to see a student succeed needs to determine how well developed the student’s academic skills are developed and what areas of strength the student has in the area of academics. Although it is important for a teacher to provide a well rounded education to students, it is equally important to focus on the student’s specific areas of strength. Once the teacher has determined where the student’s strengths lie, a specific curriculum can be designed for that student. A curriculum is a specific course of study either for an entire class or, with special education, a specific student. It provides a sort of blue print for the educational goals (Browder, 2001). A good reason for developing a curriculum for students with disabilities is to help ensure positive out comes from the information being taught (Browder, 2001). This essentially means that by designing a curriculum specifically for an individual student, it will help that student maximize his academic strengths. Adaptive skills are equally important to helping determine the best way to help students reach their full potential. Adaptive skills can be defined as â€Å"how well a person can deal with the tasks of everyday life. These tasks include the ability to speak and understand; home-living skills; use of community resources; leisure, self-care, and social skills; self-direction. † (Free Health, 2007). Adaptive skills are the kind of skills that allow the student to adapt the information he knows into actions that can help them in daily living. These skills are vitally important in combination with the academic skills in order for a person to effectively adapt to the world and be independent. It is very important for teachers of mentally disabled students to help them develop their adaptive skills to increase the student’s independence. Part of this includes helping the student gain access to community services that can assist in various areas in the community (such as rent assistance, adaptive equipment, or financial assistance). This is another area in which individual attention is needed in order to insure that each student reaches his maximum potential. A teacher needs to assess the social and daily survival skills that the student possess and then help the student develop the areas of strength. In order to develop the skills, the student must practice the skills repeatedly and build on them. The students, like people without disabilities desire to develop socially acceptable behavior and in order to develop this, they must try to maintain it (Wacker, 1984). Once the level of skills and the student’s ability to adapt have been determined, the teacher needs to find the best way to prepare the student for life outside of the school setting. Most mentally challenged people will require some outside assistance in order to be successful. Many students leaving high school go to group homes or spend time in adult day care (Thompson, 1987). In order to successfully transition a mentally disabled young person from the very structured school setting to the adult world, it will take the involvement of more than just the teacher. Family members and community assistance needs to be involved, when looking into helping a mentally challenged young person adapt to life outside of high school. For at least the last year of the student’s school career, the teacher, parents, and the community social service workers involved should meet to discover the most likely success plan for the student. The young person should be included in the process of planning, in order to make the plan more likely to succeed. The plan needs to be within the abilities and skills of the student, and include the student’s interest. The majority of the people classified as mentally retarded are considered to be high functioning enough to live alone and be employed if they are provided with some community assistance. If the student has successfully developed his strongest skills, then he is likely to become fairly well adjusted to functioning in the community. The teacher by the time of graduation needs to have taught the student such basic skills as money management, meal preparation, grooming and safety. In addition to the basic skills, the student needs to have developed some job skills, in order to obtain and maintain employment. The job skills are where the student’s individual areas of strength become important, as those strengths often correlate with the student’s interests. If the teacher and family members effectively helped the student develop the skills, the student is more likely to make a successful transition into the adult world. Those who choose to live on their own instead of with parents or family, often move into group home settings at least initially. Group homes are homes in which several mentally retarded people live together either with some full time supervision or occasional monitoring to provide assistance. Living in one of these homes can often help with the transition from school to independence. Employment opportunities for the mentally challenged vary widely based upon their skills and abilities. Many restaurants and grocery stores employ mentally challenged individuals for stocking shelves or greeting customers. In some cases they help in group environments specifically designed to employ mentally retarded people. Most of these places are set up to provide added support and structure for the disabled people. â€Å"Currently, only one-third of all disabled Americans with disabilities work, although the remaining two-thirds who are not working would like to have a job, but may or may not be looking for one† (Brodsky, 1990). Those who would like to have jobs, but are not actively seeking them may not have been properly prepared by their school systems, their communities or their families. These people need to be informed on the opportunities available to them and provided with assistance on finding suitable employment for their skill level and abilities. Most businesses now claim they are equal opportunity employers, which means that anyone can apply for positions in the company. Some jobs do have basic requirements either for specific position knowledge or for safety purposes, but the company can not turn down a qualified applicant simply because they have a diagnosis of mental retardation. This law has helped many disabled people have opportunities they might not have had available to them a number of years ago. In addition to this many businesses are providing special accommodations for wheelchairs and hearing impaired employees to make jobs more accessible. Everyone has some talent and skills that other people do not possess and everyone despite his or her disabilities has the right to reach his or her maximum potential. It is the job of society to see that every child is raised to reach that potential. No child should be left behind or written off as incapable of accomplishing anything. No one knows what a person is capable of until someone has helped the person achieve success. Everyone even the most intelligent people need some assistance to achieve his maximum potential. The new laws that have been passed in recent years have helped to ensure that the school systems provide the necessary assistance to help disabled children reach their maximum potential rather than just passing them on and counting them for the sake of the school census, until they reach the age of eighteen.Many schools today are legally obligated to provide a satisfactory education to every student. Resources: Beker, Jerome. (1988) Transitioning Exceptional Children and Youth Into the Community. Hawthorn Press/New York. Booth, Tony. (1983). Policies Towards the Integration of Mentally Handicapped Children in Education Oxford Review of Education. Vol. 9, No. 3, 1983. Brodsky, Melvin. (1990) Employment Programs for Disabled Youth: An International View. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 113, 1990 Browder, Diane. (2001) Curriculum and Assessment for Students with Moderate And Severe Disabilities. Guilford Press/New York. Cambridge, Paul. (2005) Person Centered Planning and Care Management With People With Learning Disabilities. Jessica Kingsly Publishers/ London Connis, Richard T. (1981). Training the Mentally Handicapped for Employment: A Comprehensive Manual. Kluwer Academic Pub Free Health Encyclopedia. (2007). Advameg. Retrieved October 3, 2008 from: Mental Retardation – Definition, Description, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, Prevention President’s Committee on Mental Retardation- The President’s Committee on Employment of the Handicapped (1969). Rao, H. P. (1994). Employment opportunities for mentally handicapped individuals in rural area : a proposed model. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 1994 Jul; 20(2): 131-7 Thompson, Angela. (1987). Mentally Handicapped School Leavers: Where do they Go? Child care: Health and Development. Wacker, David. (1984). Training Moderately and Severely Mentally Handicapped Children to Use Adaptive Social Skills. School Psychology Review, v13 n3 p324-30 Sum 1984 Young, John W. (2007). Validity of the Measure of Academic Proficiency and Progress. Educational Testing Service.

13 Tough Skills You Must Master to Find Career Success

13 Tough Skills You Must Master to Find Career Success The best things in life often require you to exit your comfort zone. Career success doesn’t come easily; otherwise, everyone would shoot to the top of their field fresh our of college! Here are 13 of the skills which are perhaps the hardest to learn, but are the most worth learning. Do yourself a favor and accrue a few.1. Sleeping SoundlyIf you can establish a ritual and stick with it, you’ll never need the ever popular â€Å"sleep hacks† everyone is scrambling around for. It may be tough to get into a routine, but you will never regret it.2. EmpathyIt’s a hard one to learn, but not impossible. And it’s incredibly valuable–both in the business world and in your personal life. If you can cultivate this kind of ability to feel what it might be like in others’ shoes, you will go far.3. Time ManagementThat thing you parents were always on at you about? Turns out it’s pretty important. There’s no one right way to gain this ski ll, but as long as you find a system that works for you consistently, you’re golden. Employers will notice and be impressed.4. Asking for  HelpKnowing when you’re in over your own head and need a hand is a very important thing. Being able to ask for that help is the next big thing. But both are invaluable. This is a tough one to break, but invariably makes you look more capable, rather than less.5. ConsistencyDo you have a tendency to take your foot off the gas when you reach the next milestone? This is career death. You have to work hard and keep working hard. That’s how the most successful people get where they are.6. Staying PositiveAnd not just about others- about yourself! Projecting confidence and cultivating positivity is very important. There will be times when no one else believes in you, but you should! Always.7. Knowing When to Shut UpIf you’re whining or ranting or just talking about your kids, it’s always important to know when your audience has had enough, and to be able to shut your mouth and cede the mic. Plus, learning to bite your tongue when riled and in danger of saying something you’ll later come to regret is an important skill.8. ListeningStart by practicing active listening- repeating back part of what the other person says to you, until you get more comfortable actually listening to what people are saying instead of waiting to say your next thing instead.9. Minding your Own BeeswaxKnow when to shut up and also when something is none of your concern. Your two cents aren’t always worth putting in. Know when to use your resources in someone else’s work and when to conserve them- for the benefit of all.10. Avoiding  GossipIt’s delicious and seductive to fall into the trap of talking about someone behind their back, but it can have disastrous consequences for your reputation and relationships. Learn to keep it classy and keep your head above the fray.11.  Controlling Your T houghtsDon’t let your own monkey brain or your emotions get the better of you. Continually direct your thinking toward the future, even if it is informed by the past. Move forward.12. Being PresentPeople are constantly looking into greener pastures, dwelling in the past, or looking too far forward that they don’t remember to be present in the present moment. Focus on where you are and what you are doing and try to find happiness in that moment. If you can do it now, you’ll be able to do it in the future.13. Speaking UpNinety percent of the battle of public speaking comes from doing it a few times- until you’re not so much afraid of it. But once you get comfortable speaking in public, whether in a small meeting or a huge amphitheater, you’ll be in possession of a huge asset that will stand you well in other areas of your life and career as well.

How to Keep Up With College Reading

How to Keep Up With College Reading The level of out-of-class reading required in college can be pretty intense. If youre new to college, your reading load is likely significantly higher than what you experienced in high school; if youre a senior in college, the level seems to go up each year, just as you think youve adjusted. Regardless of your specific situation, knowing how to keep up with college reading can be a serious challenge. Fortunately, theres no right way to stay on track with your reading load. A manageable solution comes from finding something that works for your own learning style - and from realizing that being flexible is part of any long-term solution. Figure Out How You Best Make Progress on Your Reading Completing your assigned reading is more than just scanning your eyes across the page; its understanding and thinking about the material. For some students, this is best accomplished in short bursts, whereas others learn best by reading for longer periods of time. Think about and even experiment with what works best for you. Do you retain more by reading in 20-minute periods? Or do you learn better by spending an hour or two really diving into the reading and not doing anything else? Similarly, do you need to have background music on, be in a loud cafe, or have the quiet of the library? Each student has his or her own way of doing homework effectively; figure out which way is best for you. Schedule Reading Time Into Your Calendar Most students are great at scheduling things like club meetings, football games, classes, and other activities into their calendars. Additional things, like homework and laundry, often just get done whenever possible. This kind of loose scheduling with reading and assignments, however, can lead to procrastination and last-minute cramming. Consequently, write down (and make sure you keep) time in your schedule to do your reading each week. If you can make an appointment to attend a club meeting, you can certainly make a similar appointment to get your reading done. Read Effectively Some students take notes; some students highlight; some students make flashcards; others have their own system that works for them. Doing your reading involves more than just getting from page 1 to page 36; it involves understanding what youre reading and, possibly, having to use that knowledge later (like during an exam or in a paper). To prevent yourself from having to reread later, be effective during your first read-through. Its much easier, after all, to go back through your notes and highlights for pages 1-36 than it is to completely reread all 36 pages before your midterm. Acknowledge That You Can't Get Everything Done All of the Time Its a harsh reality - and great time management skill - to realize that doing 100% of your reading 100% of the time is nearly (if not actually) impossible in college. Its important to learn what you cant get done and then to go with the flow sometimes. Can you work with other students to break up the reading, and then discuss in a group later? Can you let something go in a class youre already doing well in and focus more on a class youre struggling in? Can you skim materials for one course, thereby allowing yourself to read materials for another course with more time and attention? Sometimes, you just cant get all of your college reading done, no matter how hard you try or how good your intentions are. And as long as this is the exception and not the rule, learning how to be flexible with and adjust to what youre realistically able to accomplish can, in fact, lead to you being more effective and productive with what youre able to do.

Personal tv history assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal tv history assignment - Essay Example Further, viewing television is not only an individual act of one’s choice, but often it is a result of adjustment, negotiation, compromises and imitation of others in the child’s environment.† Although my TV viewing was not overly restricted by other members of the family (usually they took over the TV at night until they finally broke down and bought me my own TV when I was still in grade school), the choices I made in programming and the amount of time I spent with the TV were definitely influenced by external influences. In reflecting on my own TV watching experience, I remember only turning on the set when I was bored and couldn’t find anything else to do, but I also remember being bored often, that we, as a family, never did anything interesting. My mother indicates I would have rather watched TV than do anything else, even watching TV when we went to visit friends and relatives. This is a huge difference in perspectives that still manifested in me watching TV all the time. My mother saw it as a prime source of entertainment while I perceived TV to be little more than a time-filler between one event and the next. This begins to indicate an incredible failure to communicate between myself and my mother that is further demonstrated in our difference in viewing preferences. My mother has indicated that when she did watch TV, it was usually news programs or ‘prime time’ television, typically things like the sit-coms I liked to watch. However, she also indicates that it was a very rare occasion when she’d sit down and watch a program with me. This comes closer to coinciding with my memory, in which my parents chose to purchase a small TV for me rather than attempt to negotiate television watching time or selection of programs. Because this was my television, there was no compromising with my younger